Each day, many tests are performed in medical diagnostic laboratories. The care and treatment of patients depend on these tests and the accuracy and reliability of their results. At the same time, many molecular, chemical, and histological experiments are performed in research laboratories around the world. These experiments help find cures for illnesses and promote human health and well-being.
Laboratory chemicals are substances needed to conduct tests and experiments in laboratories. These chemicals are used daily in research facilities for countless routine and advanced tests. These components are used in almost every lab, from medical research to DNA analysis to food chemistry.
This group of chemicals includes a wide range of substances, from sodium bicarbonate to hematology chemicals. There are so many uses for these agents that it can be hard to keep track. Here is an overview of some of the most common chemicals used in the laboratory in various fields.
Buffer Solutions
Buffers help control pH in solutions. Buffers contain either a weak acid or a weak base that equilibrate with their conjugate base or acid. Buffers can also consist of salts that release protons in a solution called physiological buffers because they closely approximate the pH of body fluids.
Commonly used laboratory buffers include sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Tris-buffered saline (TBS). They are used in both diagnostic and experimental laboratories.
Enzymes
An enzyme is a catalyst that accelerates a chemical reaction without changing its products. We can use enzymes in various experiments by adjusting the pH with buffer solutions. For example, in some blood tests, we need to use enzymes to determine the level of specific proteins in our blood.
Hematology Reagents
Hematology is a branch of laboratory medicine that specializes in blood study. Hematology reagents are used, for example, to determine how many blood cells there are of each type, whether these cells are mature, or whether they are infected.
Clinical Diagnostic Reagents
Diagnostic reagents are used in clinical diagnostics to detect illnesses, measure disease markers, screen for specific genetic defects and genotypes, or identify infectious agents. These reagents contain chemicals that react with a substance in a test sample to produce a qualitative or quantitative result.
Some of these chemicals are complex (or radioactive) materials that must be handled by trained personnel under appropriate safety precautions. However, there are many types of solutions for common diagnostic tests that do not require special handling beyond proper storage and disposal. The simple buffer solution is one such example; another would be the phenytoin sodium solution commonly used as a diluent for serological tests such as the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Molecular Biology Reagents
Molecular biology reagents are used in laboratory experiments. For example, these chemicals are used in the PCR test for COVID -19. With the help of these agents, COVID -19 can be examined quickly so that timely treatment is possible.
In molecular biology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique capable of producing millions of copies of a DNA fragment from just a single starting molecule. This procedure amplifies DNA segments from samples (such as biopsies or forensic material).
Staining Solutions
With a microscope, we can look at the cells of our body. Although these cells look organized, they are not always healthy and maybe damaged at times. When we want to examine our cells, we use a staining solution. This solution helps to highlight things that would otherwise go unnoticed.
Culture Media Additives
Culture media contain growth factors. They play an essential role in cell culture experiments. In most cell cultures, the culture media additives support the growth of certain cells such as B lymphocytes or pancreatic islet cells.
Bottom Line
Lab chemicals are used to perform tests and experiments. They can be divided into several categories, including buffer solutions, enzymes, pH indicator solutions, solutions for hematology, clinical diagnostic reagents, reagents for molecular biology, and staining solutions.
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